For a fuller description of the paper itself, go to the end of this web page.
Each simulation published in this paper corresponds to a unique 5 or 6 character code on the web pages.
The following table lists the name of the simulation as used in the paper, and the corresponding code name
The webpage gives you the ability to examine the published simulations, but you can also download the raw (netcdf) files to perform your own analysis. Detailed instructions on how to use the webpages and access the data can be found here: Using_BRIDGE_webpages.pdf
4 experiments in total. mid-Pliocene warm period and pre-industrial run by tuned HadCM3 and untuned HadCM3. Branched out simulations (PI and 4xCO2) to calculate ECS.
You can have make you own analysis and plots by going here
| Simulation Name as in Paper | Simulation name on web pages |
|---|---|
| mPWPt | xpkni |
| PIt | xpknh |
| mPWPu | xpkng |
| PIu | xpkne |
| 4xCO2 tuned (for ECS) | xqbgb |
| PI tuned (for ECS) | xqbgc |
| 4xCO2 untuned (for ECS) | xqbgd |
| PI untuned (for ECS) | xqbge |
A tuned version of HadCM3 (HadCM3t) is used to simulate the climate of the mid-Pliocene warm period (mPWP) and is compared with the original untuned version of HadCM3 (HadCM3u), from the perspectives of large-scale climate features and the Earth's energy budget.
| Name | Xin et al 2025 |
|---|---|
| Brief Description | A tuned version of HadCM3 (HadCM3t) is used to simulate the climate of the mid-Pliocene warm period (mPWP) and is compared with the original untuned version of HadCM3 (HadCM3u), from the perspectives of large-scale climate features and the Earth's energy budget. |
| Full Author List | Xin Ren, Paul Valdes, Daniel J. Lunt, Alan Haywood, Erica J. Hendy, Julia Tindall, Phoebe Ross, Sebastian Steinig |
| Title | Impact of model tuning on simulations of the mid-Pliocene |
| Year | 2025 |
| Journal | paleoceanography and paleoclimatology |
| Volume | |
| Issue | 3-4 |
| Pages | |
| DOI | |
| Contact's Name | Xin Ren |
| Contact's email | xinxin.ren@bristol.ac.uk |
| Abstract | In this study, a tuned version of HadCM3 (HadCM3t) is used to simulate the climate of the mid-Pliocene warm period (mPWP) and is compared with the original untuned version of HadCM3 (HadCM3u), from the perspectives of large-scale climate features and the Earth's energy budget. After the tuning, HadCM3t performs as well as HadCM3u at simulating the preindustrial climate, but aligns better with proxy reconstructions of the mPWP, primarily due to a better representation of high latitude warming. Regarding the mPWP climate anomaly relative to the preindustrial, compared to HadCM3u, HadCM3t produces warmer surface temperature anomalies over the mid to high latitudes with a higher polar warming than the global mean warming by a factor of 2.2, which is higher than HadCM3u which has a factor of 2.0. The increased temperature of the mPWP compared to the preindustrial is primarily explained by an increase in emissivity and surface albedo. The warming of the polar regions induced by emissivity and planetary albedo from HadCM3t is higher by 0.6 $^{\circ} and 0.8 $^{\circ} respectively, than that from HadCM3u, leading to even warmer mPWP warm high latitudes. In terms of the planetary albedo-induced shortwave radiation increase, it is not only changes to the surface albedo, but also changes to clouds that make a significant contribution. Here, the increased cloud-induced the radiative forcing (RF) change is a consequence of decreased cloud fraction and decreased cloud scattering effect; the increased surface albedo-induced RF is the consequence of the increased ice loss due to warm high latitudes. |